What is a pattern? Wikipedia provides an insightful entry... A pattern , apart from the term's use to mean " Template " [a] , is a discernible regularity in the world or in a man made design. As such, the elements of a pattern repeat in a predictable manner. Any of the five senses may directly observe patterns. Conversely, abstract patterns in science, mathematics, or language may be observable only by analysis. Direct observation in practice means seeing visual patterns, which are widespread in nature and in art. Visual patterns in nature are often chaotic , never exactly repeating, and often involve fractals . Natural patterns include spirals , meanders , waves , foams , tilings , cracks , and those created by symmetries of rotation and reflection . Patterns have an underlying mathematical structure; [1] indeed, mathematics can be seen as the search for regularities, and the output of any function is a mathematical pattern. Similarly in the scie...